One of the most fundamental challenges in astronomy is measuring distances across the cosmos. Knowing how far away objects are—whether stars, galaxies, or nebulae—is crucial for understanding the universe’s structure and its evolution. The process of making these measurements is not only a technical triumph but also an ongoing pursuit, shaped by history and modern…

Atop the windswept summit of Hawaii’s tallest mountain, Mauna Kea, stands one of the world’s premier sites for astronomical observation. With its dry air, stable atmosphere, and minimal light pollution, Mauna Kea is an unrivaled window into the depths of the universe. Over the decades, its observatories have shaped both our understanding of the cosmos…

The history of astronomy is a narrative of curiosity, innovation, and paradigm shifts. Few figures stand as tall in this history as Galileo Galilei, whose work in the early 17th century fundamentally changed our understanding of the universe and laid the groundwork for modern observational astronomy. Galileo’s most profound contribution came with his pioneering use…

When most people think of astronomy, they imagine gleaming optical telescopes pointed skyward, catching the faint glimmer of distant stars. Yet much of our universe is invisible to the human eye. To truly explore the cosmos, astronomers have harnessed the power of radio waves—an endeavor in which the Very Large Array (VLA) has played a…

Few astronomical events capture the public imagination as intensely as a solar eclipse. When the Moon’s shadow sweeps across the face of the Earth, day turns to night, temperature drops, and the Sun’s corona—a pearly aura usually hidden by the Sun’s glare—becomes visible. But what exactly is a solar eclipse, why do they occur, and…